To add Webpacker to an existing project, add the webpacker gem to the project's Gemfile, run bundle install, and then run bin/rails webpacker:install. To include Webpacker in a new project, add -webpack to the rails new command. Yarn is a command-line utility that enables the installation and management of JavaScript dependencies, much like Bundler does for Ruby. NPM, the Node package manager registry, is the primary repository for publishing and downloading open-source JavaScript projects, both for Node.js and browser runtimes. To use Webpacker, you must install the Yarn package manager, version 1.x or up, and you must have Node.js installed, version 10.13.0 and up. Please note that each tool has a slightly different structure, and the concepts don't directly map onto each other. If you are familiar with Sprockets, the following guide might give you some idea of how to translate. You should choose Sprockets over Webpacker for legacy applications where migration might be costly, if you want to integrate using Gems, or if you have a very small amount of code to package. You should choose Webpacker over Sprockets on a new project if you want to use NPM packages and/or want access to the most current JavaScript features and tools. New Rails apps are configured to use webpack for JavaScript and Sprockets for CSS, although you can do CSS in webpack. However, webpack is better at integrating with more current JavaScript tools and NPM packages and allows for a wider range of integration. In particular, code can be added to Sprockets via a Ruby gem. Sprockets, which was designed to be used with Rails, is somewhat simpler to integrate. In a development environment, Sprockets and Webpacker allow you to incrementally change files. Both tools will compile your JavaScript into browser-friendly files and also minify and fingerprint them in production. Rails also ships with Sprockets, an asset-packaging tool whose features overlap with Webpacker. 1.2 How is Webpacker Different from Sprockets? See the webpack documentation for information. Webpack will allow you to write your code, reference other code in your application, transform your code, and combine your code into easily downloadable packs. With webpack, you can manage JavaScript, CSS, and static assets like images or fonts. The goal of webpack, or any front-end build system, is to allow you to write your front-end code in a way that is convenient for developers and then package that code in a way that is convenient for browsers. Webpacker is a Rails wrapper around the webpack build system that provides a standard webpack configuration and reasonable defaults.
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